Glossary

Afferent

Afferent nerves, such as sensory nerves, carry impulses towards the central nervous system. 
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autosomal dominant

A genetic mutation inherited from at least one parent whereby one of the two alleles for a gene mutated and will override the normal allele to cause expression of the mutant phenotype.
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branchial arches

Otherwise known as the pharyngeal arches, include six arches that during development give rise to specialised structures of the head and neck in vertebrates.
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Congenital

A condition present at birth, this may be genetically inherited or a defect of development.
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corticonuclear fibres

Coriconuclear fibres are fibres running from a cortical structure, either the cerebrum or cerebellum towards a subcortical cell group.
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Efferent

An efferent nerve, such as a motor nerve, carries impulses away from the central nervous system, towards its target tissue.
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foramen

A foramen is a hole in the base of the skull. There are many foramina, which blood vessels and nerves pass through to exit or enter the skull.
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ganglion

  A mass of nervous tissue contain neuronal cell bodies.
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gustatory

The sense of taste.  The main taste organ is the tongue.
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Gyrus

Gyri are the ridges on the surface of the brain.
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